T regulatory cells suppress a variety of immune responses to self-antigens and play a role in
peripheral tolerance maintenance by limiting autoimmune disorders, and other pathological …

Melatonin modulates a wide range of physiological functions with pleiotropic effects on the
immune system. Despite the large number of reports implicating melatonin as an …

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X‐linked (IPEX) syndrome is a
rare disorder that increasingly has gained attention as a model of genetic autoimmunity …

Abstract Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ regulatory T (TReg) cells are potent mediators of
dominant self tolerance in the periphery. But confusion as to the identity, stability and …

CD4+ T cells, upon activation and expansion, develop into different T helper cell subsets
with different cytokine profiles and distinct effector functions. Until recently, T cells were …

The differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into lineages with distinct effector functions has
been considered to be an irreversible event. T helper type 1 (Th1) cells stably express IFN-γ …

CD4+ T helper cells are a central element of the adaptive immune system. They protect the
organism against a wide range of pathogens and are able to initiate and control many …

T helper cells that produce IL-17 (TH17 cells) promote autoimmunity in mice and have been
implicated in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory diseases. At mucosal surfaces, TH17 …

T helper 17 (Th17) cells play a complex and controversial role in tumor immunity and have
been found to exhibit a fluctuating identity within the context of cancer. The recent …

Differing from the mouse Foxp3 gene that encodes only one protein product, human FOXP3
encodes two major isoforms through alternative splicing—a longer isoform (FOXP3 FL) …