Acinetobacter pneumonia is a significant healthcare-associated infection that poses a
considerable challenge to clinicians due to its multidrug-resistant nature. Recent world …

In the era of rapid development of molecular and other diagnostic methods, direct Gram
staining (DGS) tends to remain in the background, although it can provide both …

Importance Gram staining should provide immediate information for detecting causative
pathogens. However, the effect of Gram staining on restricting the initial antibiotic choice has …

Background The gut microbiota are reported to be altered in critical illness. The pattern and
impact of dysbiosis on prognosis has not been thoroughly investigated in the ICU setting …

Background There is no clear guidance on empirical antibiotic coverage against
Staphylococcus aureus for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated …

The number of studies that verify whether Gram stain can help to reduce the use of broad-
spectrum antibiotics is relatively limited compared to those evaluating its concordance with …

Abstract Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation (M-ROSE) is based on smear staining
and microscopic observation, providing critical references for the diagnosis and treatment of …

Abstract Purpose of Review Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most
common infections in the ICU. Prompt diagnosis is vital as mortality increases with delayed …

Advanced diagnostic technologies have made accurate and precise diagnosis of pathogens
easy. Herein, we present a new diagnostic method, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), to detect …

Commensal microbiota are immunomodulatory, and their pathological perturbation can
affect the risk and outcomes of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Consequently, the …