Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of specific outcome expectancies in self-
regulation. It is observed that specific expectancies are commonly found to be optimistic. The …

Reviews the literature on health psychology, using an approach that emphasizes process
models and interactions among variables. The following variables appear to correlate most …

The ability to sense and avoid harmful environmental conditions is necessary for the survival
of all living organisms. Survival is also aided by an ability to codify and learn from past …

Can phenomenological data such as reports of feelings, attitudes, goals and procedures be
used as process variables in a psychological model? During the years when behaviourism …

Only so far as current tastes and appetites are reliable indices of human utility, only so far as
we can identify the desired with the desirable, is the evolution of customary standards of life …

Most of us have participated in, or at least witnessed, the following classroom dynamic. The
sequence begins when the professor pauses during a complex lecture to ask the students if …

Optimistic biases regarding the risks of smoking were examined among 200 adolescents
(aged 12–17) and 203 adults (aged 30–50). Strong majorities of adolescent and adult …

Adolescents' reckless driving, drinking, and smoking, along with their cognitions about these
behaviors, were assessed in a 3-year longitudinal design. Consistent with most models of …

Background. Current research on the etiology of cigarette smoking has largely focused on
the identification of psychosocial predictors of tobacco onset. Few data are available on the …

In response to disagreements about the extent to which smokers recognize the full risk of
smoking-induced illness, an attempt was made to review all articles that have investigated …