This paper evaluates the validity, reliability and utility of the chronic mild stress (CMS) model
of depression. In the CMS model, rats or mice are exposed sequentially, over a period of …

The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has high validity but has in the past
been criticized for being difficult to replicate. However, a large number of recent publications …

The chronic mild (or unpredictable/variable) stress (CMS) model was developed as an
animal model of depression more than 20 years ago. The foundation of this model was that …

There are conflicting results on the function of 5-HT in anxiety and depression. To reconcile
this evidence, Deakin and Graeff have suggested that the ascending 5-HT pathway that …

Despite being considered primarily a mood disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD) is
characterized by cognitive and decision making deficits. Recent research has employed …

Aims Linalool and β-pinene are two volatile monoterpenes that possess antidepressant-like
activity. These are components of many aromatic plants used in folk medicine around the …

The past decade has seen a steady accumulation of evidence supporting a role for the
excitatory amino acid (EAA) neurotransmitter, glutamate, and its receptors in depression and …

The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is a membrane protein responsible for termination of
the action of synaptic norepinephrine and is a site of action of many drugs used to treat …

Many stress‐related mental disorders, including depression and post‐traumatic stress
disorder occur more often in women than in men. While social and cultural factors certainly …

In this study, we investigated the antidepressant-like effect of piperine in mice exposed to
chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure. Repeated administration of piperine for 14 days at the …