Cilia are ubiquitous microtubule-based eukaryotic organelles that project from the cell to
generate motility or function in cellular signaling. Motile cilia or flagella contain axonemal …

Single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as a powerful
technique to visualize the structural landscape sampled by a protein complex. However …

Interpreting electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) maps with atomic models requires high
levels of expertise and labour-intensive manual intervention in three-dimensional computer …

Motile cilia and flagella beat rhythmically on the surface of cells to power the flow of fluid and
to enable spermatozoa and unicellular eukaryotes to swim. In humans, defective ciliary …

Protein structure determination from cryo-EM data requires reconstructing a 3D volume (or
distribution of volumes) from many noisy and randomly oriented 2D projection images. While …

Sperm motility is crucial for successful fertilization. Highly decorated doublet microtubules
(DMTs) form the sperm tail skeleton, which propels the movement of spermatozoa. Using …

The flagella of mammalian sperm display non-planar, asymmetric beating, in contrast to the
planar, symmetric beating of flagella from sea urchin sperm and unicellular organisms. The …

Cilia are hairlike protrusions that project from the surface of eukaryotic cells and play key
roles in cell signaling and motility. Ciliary motility is regulated by the conserved nexin-dynein …

A pair of extensively modified microtubules form the central apparatus (CA) of the axoneme
of most motile cilia, where they regulate ciliary motility. The external surfaces of both CA …

The assembly and maintenance of most cilia and eukaryotic flagella depends on
intraflagellar transport (IFT), the bidirectional movement of multi-megadalton IFT trains along …