Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and
previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the …

A diverse array of successful, first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have played a huge
role in efforts to bring the COVID-19 pandemic under control, even though inequitable …

We address whether T cell responses induced by different vaccine platforms (mRNA-1273,
BNT162b2, Ad26. COV2. S, and NVX-CoV2373) cross-recognize early SARS-CoV-2 …

Germinal centres (GC) are lymphoid structures in which B cells acquire affinity-enhancing
somatic hypermutations (SHM), with surviving clones differentiating into memory B cells …

Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have mutations in the spike receptor binding domain (RBD)
with potential to evade neutralizing antibody. In particular, the Beta and Omicron variants …

Several studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 BA. 1 omicron is an immune escape variant.
Meanwhile, however, omicron BA. 2 and BA. 5 became dominant in many countries and …

Developing safe and effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at a breakneck speed has been an exceptional human …

As the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved during the past years, interactions between human
immune systems, rapidly mutating and selected SARS-CoV-2 viral variants, and effective …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has lasted
more than 2 years with over 260 million infections and 5 million deaths worldwide as of …

Inborn and acquired deficits of type I interferon (IFN) immunity predispose to life-threatening
COVID-19 pneumonia. We longitudinally profiled the B cell response to mRNA vaccination …