Plant-pollinator interaction networks may be more informative than the diversity of species in
the evaluation of the effects of environmental change. Considering that networks vary with …

Functional food webs are essential for the successful conservation of ecological
communities, and in terrestrial systems, food webs are built on a foundation of coevolved …

Biotic interactions play an important role in species diversification and maintenance and,
thus, are regarded as the architecture of biodiversity. Since Darwin and Wallace, biologists …

Nestedness and modularity have been found in many species interaction networks. Despite
being conceptually distinct, negatively correlated and having different causes, these patterns …

Despite the increasing number of studies dealing with interaction networks in the last few
years, there is still a lack of knowledge about how their structural organization are affected …

Seed dispersal by frugivores, particularly primates, plays an important role in structuring and
maintaining tree diversity in tropical forests. However, little is known about the effect of …

Dominant vegetation in many ecosystems is an integral component of structure and habitat.
In many drylands, native shrubs function as foundation species that benefit other plants and …

Frugivory and seed dispersal are key processes for the maintenance of biodiversity. This is
particularly true in the Neotropics, where most plant species depend on animals to disperse …

Since its inception, biodiversity has largely been understood as species diversity and
assessed as such. Interactions among species or functional groups are gradually becoming …

Much information about the structural properties and dynamical aspects of a network is
measured by the eigenvalues of its normalized Laplacian matrix. In this paper, we aim to …