This article offers insights into trends found in 74 empirical studies on teaching and learning
a foreign language (FL) in pre-primary schools in 25 countries. The emerging picture is like …

Assessment for young learners (defined as children aged 3–12) requires special
consideration in defining constructs, designing assessment formats and procedures, and …

This book presents research on the learning of foreign languages by children aged 6-12
years old in primary school settings. The collection provides a significant and important …

Current foreign language education policies advocate plurilingual approaches to learning
and teaching languages and call into question the 'ideal native speaker'as the ultimate …

The European Early Childhood Education Research Journal (EECERJ) defines its scope as
being 'multidisciplinary, embracing all related fields including psychology, sociology, child …

Grundschulenglisch kompetent unterrichten Qualitativ hochwertiger Englischunterricht in der
Grundschule hängt vor allem von der professionellen Kompetenz der Lehrkräfte ab. Der …

Tässä selvityksessä on tarkasteltu varhaisen kieltenopetuksen vaikutuksia yleisesti sekä
varhennettua kieltenopetusta Suomen kunnissa. Selvitys koskee pääasiassa A1-kielen sekä …

This chapter turns the attention to teachers' practices and beliefs about teaching English in
early childhood education and care (ECEC) contexts comprising a holistic view on …

Second language (L2) education in the early years has been steadily increasing worldwide.
Since second language education at earlier ages is relatively new in many countries, not …

This study investigates the nature of teacher–child interaction and teacher scaffolding in
Finnish second language (L2) classrooms. Although previous research on classroom …