Despite the successful development of new therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes,
such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose …

Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are approved for the
treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity and elicit robust improvements in glycemic control …

Growing evidence implicates the brain in the regulation of both immediate fuel availability
(for example, circulating glucose) and long-term energy stores (that is, adipose tissue mass) …

Inexorable increases in insulin resistance, lipolysis, and hepatic glucose production (HGP)
are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. Previously, we showed that peripheral delivery of …

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, which comprises 22 structurally related proteins,
plays diverse roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, development, and metabolism. Among …

Peripheral neurons that sense glucose relay signals of glucose availability to integrative
clusters of neurons in the brain. However, the roles of such signalling pathways in the …

Historically, pancreatic islet beta cells have been viewed as principal regulators of glycemia,
with type 2 diabetes (T2D) resulting when insulin secretion fails to compensate for …

The brain, particularly the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), has been long known
for its involvement in glucose sensing and whole-body glucose homeostasis. However, it is …

“Relative hypoglycemia” is an often-overlooked complication of diabetes characterized by
an increase in the glycemic threshold for detecting and responding to hypoglycemia. The …

Increasing evidence suggests that, although pancreatic islets can function autonomously to
detect and respond to changes in the circulating glucose level, the brain cooperates with the …