Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a diverse pathologic process, defined as the formation of
extraskeletal bone in muscle and soft tissues. HO can be conceptualized as a tissue repair …

Bone never forms without vascular interactions. This simple statement of fact does not
adequately reflect the physiological and pharmacological implications of the relationship …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) increasingly afflicts our aging population. One third of
our elderly have echocardiographic or radiological evidence of calcific aortic valve sclerosis …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the end result of active cellular processes that lead to
the progressive fibrosis and calcification of aortic valve leaflets. In western populations …

Context: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of fractures and
low bone formation. However, the mechanism for the low bone formation is not well …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), previously thought to represent a passive
degeneration of the valvular extracellular matrix (VECM), is now regarded as an intricate …

During every heartbeat, cardiac valves open and close coordinately to control the
unidirectional flow of blood. In this dynamically challenging environment, resident valve cells …

Cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) are
driven by inflammation induced by a variety of stimuli, including low-density lipoproteins …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is highly prevalent and has no pharmaceutical
treatment. Surgical replacement of the aortic valve has proved effective in advanced disease …

Aging is associated with the development of both osteo-porosis and vascular disease, and
there is increasing evidence for a link between bone metabolism and the vasculature. 1 A …