Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical in the elimination of infected or malignant cells
and are emerging as a major therapeutic target. How CTLs recognize and kill harmful cells …

In this article, we summarize the role of CD8+ T cells during natural and antiretroviral
therapy (ART)‐treated HIV and SIV infections, discuss the mechanisms responsible for their …

Long-lasting, latently infected resting CD4+ T cells are the greatest obstacle to obtaining a
cure for HIV infection, as these cells can persist despite decades of treatment with …

Despite antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 persists in memory CD4+ T cells, creating a barrier to
cure. The majority of HIV-1 proviruses are defective and considered clinically irrelevant …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persists indefinitely in individuals with HIV who
receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) owing to a reservoir of latently infected cells that contain …

Spontaneous transcription and translation of HIV can persist during suppressive
antiretroviral therapy (ART). The quantity, phenotype, and biological relevance of this …

After initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), a rapid decline in HIV viral load is followed by a
long period of undetectable viremia. Viral outgrowth assay suggests the reservoir continues …

The presence of persistent, latent HIV reservoirs in CD4+ T cells obstructs current efforts to
cure infection. The so-called kick-and-kill paradigm proposes to purge these reservoirs by …

Abstract Non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia (NSV) is defined as persistent low-level viremia on
antiretroviral therapy (ART) without evidence of ART non-adherence or significant drug …

Whether CD8+ T lymphocytes control human immunodeficiency virus infection by cytopathic
or non-cytopathic mechanisms is not fully understood. Multiple studies highlighted non …