Since the BBS article in which Premack and Woodruff (1978) asked “Does the chimpanzee
have a theory of mind?,” it has been repeatedly claimed that there is observational and …

We review research on reactions to mirrors and self-recognition in nonhuman primates,
focusing on methodological issues. Starting with the initial demonstration in chimpanzees in …

Soon after Charles Darwin formulated his theory of evolution, primate cognition became a
major area of research. In this book, Michael Tomasello and Josep Call assess the current …

The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is an exceedingly rare capacity in the animal
kingdom. To date, only humans and great apes have shown convincing evidence of mirror …

What examples of convergence in higher-level complex cognitive characteristics exist in the
animal kingdom? In this paper I will provide evidence that convergent intelligence has …

Mirror-self-recognition is usually indicated by an organism's passing the mark test—that is,
wiping a mark off its face upon observing its reflection in a mirror or on a video-screen. Two …

Abstract. Evidence that apes touch head marks more in the presence of a mirror than in its
absence have been taken to indicate that, unlike monkeys, they are capable of self …

The Mirror Test Gordon G. Gallup, Jr., James R. Anderson, and Daniel J. Shillito Can
animals recognize themselves in mirrors? Ga Page 1 The Cognitive Animal -- Gallup …

Claims for mirror self-recognition have been made for numerous species ranging from
dolphins and elephants to fish and ants. But based on rigorous, reproducible experimental …

Investigators have an obligation to promote the psychological well-being of nonhuman
primates used in research. Considerable emphasis has been placed on providing …