The adaptive immune system (AIS) in mammals, which is centred on lymphocytes bearing
antigen receptors that are generated by somatic recombination, arose approximately 500 …

Evidence for innate immune memory (or 'priming') in invertebrates has been accumulating
over the last years. We here provide an in-depth review of the current state of evidence for …

Since an immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibition motif (ITIM) was first identified in the
intracytoplasmic domain of FcγRIIB, ITIMs have been found in a large number of inhibitory …

Abstract Background Chitinases (EC. 3.2. 1.14) hydrolyze the β-1, 4-linkages in chitin, an
abundant N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine polysaccharide that is a structural component of …

The Ikaros family of proteins–comprising Ikaros, Aiolos, Helios, Eos and Pegasus–are zinc
finger transcription factors. These proteins participate in a complex network of interactions …

It has been speculated that before vertebrates evolved somatic diversity-based adaptive
immunity, the germline-encoded diversity of innate immunity may have been more …

The evolutionary emergence of vertebrates was accompanied by major morphological and
functional innovations, including the development of an adaptive immune system. Vertebrate …

We propose an evolutionary perspective to classify and characterize the diverse systems of
adaptive immunity that have been discovered across all major domains of life. We put …

Detecting danger is key to the survival and success of all species. Animal nervous and
immune systems cooperate to optimize danger detection. Preceding studies have …

Interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPases currently include four families of proteins: myxovirus
resistant proteins (Mxs), guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), immunity-related GTPase …