Many kelp aquaculture farms consist of moored arrays of long horizontal lines that grow kelp
near the water surface. Most kelp farms are deployed in the same direction of wave …

Natural England currently advise on a range of seaweed gathering and aquaculture
enquiries and advice is given by specialists on the specific enquiry/application using the …

As a kind of marine plant, kelp plays an important role in the improvement of marine
environment. In addition, kelp arrays exhibit a great potential for wave attenuation. In this …

Abstract The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) ensures adequately
accessible water and management for all. Due to the rapid increase in population and …

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, more and more marine eco-
structures are being built. Mangroves, corals and seaweeds can be combined with marine …

Macroalgae are ecologically important organisms that often inhabit locations with physically
challenging water motion. The biomechanical traits that permit their survival in these …

Vegetation in freshwater and coastal ecosystems modifies flows, retains sediment, protects
banks and shorelines from erosion. Hydraulic laboratory studies with live vegetation or …

Hydrodynamic characteristics are needed to optimize the design of kelp aquaculture
systems. To support this need, the objective of this study was to resolve both the normal and …

Seaweed aquaculture is vital in protecting the marine eco-environment and mitigating
climate change. China generates more than half of the world's total seaweed production …

Nature provides the parameters, or boundaries, within which organisms must cope in order
to survive. Therefore, ecological conditions have an unequivocal influence on the ability of …