Language fundamentally defines and distinguishes us as humans, as members of society,
and as individuals. As we go through life, our relationship with language and with learning …

This entry provides an overview of heritage language (HL) theory and research as they
connect with language policy. The first of four sections synthesizes and problematizes …

Target varieties for language learning are contentious in applied linguistics and
sociolinguistics. Debates centre on the nature and utility of alternative norms. Approximation …

This review considers the revitalisation programme for Scottish Gaelic (referred to simply as
'Gaelic'[ɡalik] by its speakers) which has gathered pace since the 1980s. Gaelic is a minority …

Like France's other regional languages, Breton has seen a steep decline, followed by a
period of revitalization in recent decades. Today there are two largely separate communities …

The article studies minority language policy in the situation of an internal division within a
speech community. It is based on the example of the Upper Sorbs–a Slavic minority in …

Until recently (socio) linguistic studies concerned with minority languages and efforts at their
revitalization focused chiefly on native speakers. By contrast this paper concentrates on new …

Target varieties for language learning are contentious in applied linguistics and
sociolinguistics. Debates centre on the nature and utility of alternative norms. Approximation …

Kriol, an English-lexifier contact language, has approximately 20,000 speakers across
northern Australia. It is the primary language of the remote Aboriginal community of Ngukurr …

This paper presents a thematic analysis of public sector discourse on the values assigned to
regional minority and community languages within the UK and Finland. This paper draws …