PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses the clinical presentation, evaluation, and
management of the patient with optic neuritis. Initial emphasis is placed on clinical history …

We review key concepts in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of individuals with
neurosyphilis. We describe the epidemiology of syphilis in the United States, highlight …

The term of neurosyphilis (NS) refers to infection of central nervous system by Treponema
pallidum. Classically, it has been divided into early (meningitis, meningovascular) and late …

Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, subspecies
pallidum. Although its incidence has declined after the widespread availability of penicillin, it …

Syphilis has reemerged as an important cause of neurological disease, affecting any part of
the neuraxis at any stage of infection. What was once a dwindling diagnosis is now …

Introduction In view of the importance of neurosyphilis and the difficulties encountered in
diagnosing it, the S1 guideline “Neurosyphilis” has been published by the German Society …

ABSTRACT A wide range of infections (virus, bacteria, parasite and fungi) may cause
cerebral vasculitides. Headache, seizures, encephalopathy and stroke are common forms of …

Purpose Neurosyphilis can mimic different diseases, not only in its clinical presentation but
also on imaging. Treponema pallidum is also known as the “great imitator.” Having an …

Cerebral syphilitic gumma is a rarely reported disease of the central nervous system.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic method for syphilitic gumma …

Purpose General paresis is a common type of neurosyphilis featuring progressive cognitive
deterioration. The lack of a golden standard of diagnosis and its nonspecific clinical …