The vascular blood–brain barrier is a highly regulated interface between the blood and
brain. Its primary function is to protect central neurons while signaling the presence of …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as a main challenge in both developing and
developed countries, as lifestyle has changed and its management seems to be vital. Type I …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in regulating the trafficking of fluid, solutes
and cells at the blood-brain interface and maintaining the homeostatic microenvironment of …

Metabolic syndrome, which includes diabetes and obesity, is one of the most widespread
medical conditions. It induces systemic inflammation, causing far reaching effects on the …

Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are characterized by
the aging neurovascular unit being confronted with and failing to cope with biological insults …

The monolayer of endothelial cells lining the vessel wall forms a semipermeable barrier (in
all tissue except the relatively impermeable blood–brain and inner retinal barriers) that …

Vascular insults can initiate a cascade of molecular events leading to neurodegeneration,
cognitive impairment, and dementia. Here, we review the cellular and molecular …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized brain endothelial structure of the fully
differentiated neurovascular system. In concert with pericytes, astrocytes, and microglia, the …

Intercellular tight junctions (TJs) exhibit a complex molecular architecture involving the
regulated cointeraction of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins (eg, zonula occludens) and integral …

A host of diabetes-related insults to the central nervous system (CNS) have been clearly
documented in type-1 and-2 diabetic patients as well as experimental animal models. These …