Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating
back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin–Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion …

Voltage-gated calcium channels are the principal conduits for depolarization-mediated
Ca2+ entry into excitable cells. In this review, the biophysical properties of the relevant …

Abstract Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) basket cells are fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons
that exert critical control over local circuit activity and oscillations. PV+ axons are often …

Pathogenic heterozygous variants in SCN2A, which encodes the neuronal sodium channel
Na V 1.2, cause different types of epilepsy or intellectual disability (ID)/autism without …

Dopamine signaling from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays critical roles in reward-
related behaviors, but less is known about the functions of neighboring VTA GABAergic …

Rhodopsins are ubiquitous light-driven membrane proteins with diverse functions, including
ion transport. Widely distributed, they are also coded in the genomes of giant viruses …

Genetic variants in SCN2A, encoding the NaV1. 2 voltage-gated sodium channel, are
associated with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping phenotypes …

The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized neuronal compartment in which synaptic
input is converted into action potential (AP) output. This process is supported by a diverse …

In neocortical layer‐5 pyramidal neurons, the action potential (AP) is generated in the axon
initial segment (AIS) when the membrane potential (Vm) reaches the threshold for activation …

The axon is a neuronal structure capable of processing, encoding, and transmitting
information. This assessment contrasts with a limiting, but deeply rooted, perspective where …