The Japanese Society of Hypertension (JSH) revised the Guidelines for the Management of
Hypertension 2014 (JSH 2014), and published the JSH 2019. In the development of the JSH …

Aging is the main risk factor for vascular disease and ensuing cardiovascular and
cerebrovascular events, the leading causes of death worldwide. In a progressively aging …

Objectives: Review the risk factors for coronary artery disease. Outline screening
recommendations for coronary artery disease. Identify diet and exercise recommendations …

Background Evaluation and interpretation of the literature on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
allows for consolidation and determination of the key factors important for clinical …

Carotid atherosclerosis is a major and potentially preventable cause of ischemic stroke. It
begins early in life and progresses silently over the years. Identification of individuals with …

In the past few decades, imaging has been developed to a high level of sophistication.
Improvements from one-dimension (1D) to 2D images, and from 2D images to 3D models …

Abstract Background Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index was recently reported to be
associated with an increased risk of the development and recurrence of cardiovascular …

Atherosclerotic plaque detection by carotid ultrasound provides cardiovascular disease risk
stratification. The advantages and disadvantages of two-dimensional (2D) and three …

The carotid artery is a critical blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain, and its health and
function are essential for preventing cardiovascular diseases such as stroke. Ultrasound …

Background The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is an important alternative metabolic
biomarker of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the correlation …