Genetically encoded optical tools have revolutionized modern biology by allowing detection
and control of biological processes with exceptional spatiotemporal precision and sensitivity …

Near-infrared light is favourable for imaging in mammalian tissues due to low absorbance of
hemoglobin, melanin, and water. Therefore, fluorescent proteins, biosensors and …

Near-infrared fluorescent proteins (FPs) are in high demand for in vivo imaging. We
developed four spectrally distinct near-infrared FPs—iRFP670, iRFP682, iRFP702 and …

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a promising semiconductor material for photoelectrochemical
water splitting showing good visible light absorption and a high photochemical stability. To …

Blue light sensing using flavin (BLUF) domains constitute a family of flavin-binding
photoreceptors of bacteria and eukaryotic algae. BLUF photoactivation proceeds via a light …

Phytochrome is a multidomain dimeric red light photoreceptor that utilizes a chromophore-
binding domain (CBD), a PHY domain, and an output module to induce cellular changes in …

Phytochromes are red/far-red light photoreceptors in bacteria to plants, which elicit a variety
of important physiological responses. They display a reversible photocycle between the …

The focus of structural biology is shifting from the determination of static structures to the
investigation of dynamical aspects of macromolecular function. With time-resolved …

Channelrhodopsin (ChR) is a key protein of the optogenetic toolkit. C1C2, a functional
chimeric protein of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ChR1 and ChR2, is the only ChR whose …

Use of fluorescent proteins to study in vivo processes in mammals requires near-infrared
(NIR) biomarkers that exploit the ability of light in this range to penetrate tissue …