In recent years, magnetism has gained an enormous amount of interest among researchers
for actuating different sizes and types of bio/soft robots, which can be via an electromagnetic …

We conceptualize bioresource upgrade for sustainable energy, environment, and
biomedicine with a focus on circular economy, sustainability, and carbon neutrality using …

Advances in bioinspired design principles and nanomaterials have led to tremendous
progress in autonomously moving synthetic nano/micromotors with diverse functionalities in …

Active colloids are microscopic particles, which self-propel through viscous fluids by
converting energy extracted from their environment into directed motion. We first explain …

Chemically powered micro‐and nanomotors are small devices that are self‐propelled by
catalytic reactions in fluids. Taking inspiration from biomotors, scientists are aiming to find …

The use of tools can be traced back to the beginning of recorded history and represents a
significant step in the evolution of mankind. A machine is a tool that can perform intended …

Inspired by the swimming of natural microorganisms, synthetic micro‐/nanomachines, which
convert energy into movement, are able to mimic the function of these amazing natural …

The advent of autonomous self-propulsion has instigated research towards making colloidal
machines that can deliver mechanical work in the form of transport, and other functions such …

We review theoretical models of individual motility as well as collective dynamics and
pattern formation of active particles. We focus on simple models of active dynamics with a …

In this article we review the development, current status and future prospects of nano-and
microscale motors propelled by locally generated fields and chemical gradients. These …