The standard of care (SOC) for high-grade gliomas (HGG) is maximally safe surgical
resection, followed by concurrent radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) for 6 …

Real-time intraoperative guidance is essential during oncological surgery for complete and
safe tumour resection. Fluorescence imaging in the near-infrared spectrum has shown …

Fluorescence-guided surgery is an intraoperative optical imaging method that provides
surgeons with real-time guidance for the delineation of tumours. Currently, in phase 1 and 2 …

Intraoperative fluorescent imaging can provide real-time identification of tumours, lymph
nodes, nerves and other healthy and malignant tissues during oncological surgery …

Hyperthermia therapy (HT) is the exposure of a region of the body to elevated temperatures
to achieve a therapeutic effect. HT anticancer properties and its potential as a cancer …

Abstract The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-
ALA; Gleolan®; photonamic GmbH and Co. KG) for use as an intraoperative optical imaging …

Introduction Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-step treatment involving the
administration of a photosensitive agent followed by its activation at a specific light …

Over the past century, treatment of malignant tumors of the brain has remained a challenge.
Refinements in neurosurgical techniques, discovery of powerful chemotherapeutic agents …

Recent advances in maximum safe glioma resection have included the introduction of a host
of visualization techniques to complement intraoperative white-light imaging of tumors …

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The 2021
WHO CNS5 classification has further stressed the importance of molecular signatures in …