Normal human red blood cells have an average life span of about 120 days in the circulation
after which they are engulfed by macrophages. This is an extremely efficient process as …

Glycophorins are heavily glycosylated sialoglycoproteins of human and animal erythrocytes.
In humans, there are four glycophorins: A, B, C and D. Glycophorins play an important role in …

Carbohydrates have long been known to mediate intracellular interactions, whether within
one organism or between different organisms. Sialic acids (Sias) are carbohydrates that …

Malaria remains a major cause of mortality in African children, with no adjunctive treatments
currently available to ameliorate the severe clinical forms of the disease. Rosetting, the …

Maternal alloantibody-mediated hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) ranges
from no or mild symptoms to severe hydrops and intrauterine fetal demise. Hemolytic anti-D …

Glycophorins are transmembrane proteins of red blood cells (RBCs), heavily glycosylated
on their external-facing surface. In humans, there are four glycophorin proteins, glycophorins …

Serologic testing using the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) is known to be insufficient to
determine the clinical significance or insignificance of a given antibody to red blood cells …

Senescence of erythrocytes is characterized by a series of changes that precede their
removal from the circulation, including loss of red cell hydration, membrane shedding, loss …

The Kell blood group system is vast, with 38 blood group antigens.[1] The Kell system is
notorious for its immunogenicity, which is third after ABO and Rhesus D.[2] This system is …

Gerbich antigen is a blood group glycoprotein antigen and belongs to the membrane
differentiation antigen (CD) family (GPC is CD236 C, GPD is CD236 D). The gene …