Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuronal degeneration as well as
neuroinflammation. While CD38 is strongly expressed in brain cells including neurons …

The contribution of astrocytes and microglia to the regulation of neuroplasticity or
neurovascular unit (NVU) is based on the coordinated secretion of gliotransmitters and …

Background Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome resulted from severe
infection with high morbidity and mortality. Cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) is a …

Glutamate, the most abundant excitatory transmitter in the brain can lead to neurotoxicity
when not properly regulated. Excitotoxicity is a direct result of abnormal regulation of …

HIV-1 infection can lead to neurocognitive impairment collectively known as HIV-associated
neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Although combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) has …

Astrocytes play an important role in maintaining an optically suited milieu for neuronal
functionality, and are involved in the progression and outcome of many neuropathological …

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an Arterivirus that has
been devastating the swine industry worldwide since the late 1980s. Previous studies have …

Glia, which was formerly considered to exist just to connect neurons, now plays a key
function in a wide range of physiological events, including formation of memory, learning …

The central nervous system (CNS) is a very challenging HIV-1 sanctuary, in which HIV-1
replication is established early on during acute infection and can persist despite potent …

Ca 2+ signalling is of prime importance in controlling numerous cell functions in the brain.
Endolysosomes are acidic organelles currently emerging as important Ca 2+ stores in …