Under normal physiological conditions the brain primarily utilizes glucose for ATP
generation. However, in situations where glucose is sparse, eg, during prolonged fasting …

Ketone bodies play significant roles in organismal energy homeostasis, serving as oxidative
fuels, modulators of redox potential, lipogenic precursors, and signals, primarily during …

Ketone body metabolism is a central node in physiological homeostasis. In this review, we
discuss how ketones serve discrete fine-tuning metabolic roles that optimize organ and …

Synapses enable neurons to communicate with each other and are therefore a prerequisite
for normal brain function. Presynaptically, this communication requires energy and …

To maintain its high energy demand the heart is equipped with a highly complex and
efficient enzymatic machinery that orchestrates ATP production using multiple energy …

Background—The failing human heart is characterized by metabolic abnormalities, but
these defects remains incompletely understood. In animal models of heart failure there is a …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes excessive morbidity and premature cardiovascular (CV)
mortality. Although tight glycemic control improves microvascular complications, its effects …

Background Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) has received more and more attentions,
because it possesses a lot of beneficial, life-preserving effects in the fields of clinical science …

Over the last years, a growing body of evidence suggests that gut microbial communities
play a fundamental role in many aspects of human health and diseases. The gut microbiota …

Traditionally, the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) has been looked upon as a carrier
of energy from liver to peripheral tissues during fasting or exercise. However, βOHB also …