Living systems operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Enzymatic activity can induce
broken detailed balance at the molecular scale. This molecular scale breaking of detailed …

For a large class of nonequilibrium systems, thermodynamic notions like work, heat, and, in
particular, entropy production can be identified on the level of fluctuating dynamical …

For continuous-time Markov chains and open unimolecular chemical reaction networks, we
prove that any two stationary currents are linearly related upon perturbations of a single …

Biomolecular machines are driven by information ratchet mechanisms, where kinetic
asymmetry in the machine's chemomechanical cycle of fuel-to-waste catalysis induces net …

We build a rigorous nonequilibrium thermodynamic description for open chemical reaction
networks of elementary reactions. Their dynamics is described by deterministic rate …

Living things benefit from exquisite molecular sensitivity in many of their key processes,
including DNA replication, transcription and translation, chemical sensing, and …

Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and
design of stochastic molecular systems—biological, chemical and physical—in a move away …

Brownian clocks are biomolecular networks that can count time. A paradigmatic example are
proteins that go through a cycle, thus regulating some oscillatory behavior in a living system …

Stochastic dynamics with random resetting leads to a non-equilibrium steady state. Here, we
consider the thermodynamics of resetting by deriving the first and second law for resetting …

Biochemical clocks are essential for virtually all living systems. A biochemical clock that is
isolated from an external periodic signal and subjected to fluctuations can oscillate …