Operations in areas of importance to society are frequently modeled as mixed-integer linear
programming (MILP) problems. While MILP problems suffer from combinatorial complexity …

Water stress greatly determines plant yield as it affects plant metabolism, photosynthesis
rate, chlorophyll content index, number of leaves, physiological, biochemical compound …

A plant factory (PF) is an environmentally controlled facility that can maintain stable crop
cultivation while ensuring rapid production and good crop quality by controlling temperature …

Understanding the diverse environmental influences on seedling growth is critical for
maximizing yields. The need for a more comprehensive understanding of how various …

We present a new concept of industrial vertical greenhouse, called adaptive vertical farm,
based on the possibility of adapting the distance between the shelves to the growth of the …

This article presents an innovative modular planting plant factory inspired by lean
manufacturing principle, where planting cells work in a distributed way, coordinated by cloud …

Plant factories were designed to control environmental factors such as temperature, relative
humidity, light, and carbon dioxide concentration to optimize growth conditions and enhance …

Crops, such as for rice, are first grown in plant factories before being planted and cultivated
in a field. Efficient operation of such plant factories is thus key to a successful harvest, and …

With the growing demand for natural, healthy, minimally processed products, reducing
environmental damage and increasing production worldwide, a range of opportunities …

Operations in critical areas of importance to society, such as healthcare, transportation and
logistics, power systems, and emergency response, profoundly affect multiple stakeholders …