Abstract Space weathering refers to alteration that occurs in the space environment with
time. Lunar samples, and to some extent meteorites, have provided a benchmark for …

Abstract The Moon and Mercury are airless bodies, thus they are directly exposed to the
ambient plasma (ions and electrons), to photons mostly from the Sun from infrared range all …

In the past few years, several major space missions have been completed (eg, Deep Impact,
LCROSS, Chandrayaan-1, Stardust, Hayabusa), and a number of spacecraft are currently …

The topics of lofted dust, ejected atomic and molecular species, and plasma interactions at
the Moon have made revolutionary strides since the last 'New Views of the Moon'review in …

This chapter focuses on the range of low frequency electromagnetic modes observed at and
upstream of collisionless shocks in the heliosphere. It discusses a specific class of whistler …

The Moon is key to understanding both Earth and our Solar System in terms of planetary
processes and has been a witness of the Solar System history for more than 4.5 Ga. Building …

The reflection of solar wind protons as energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) from the lunar surface
has regularly been used to study the plasma‐surface interaction at the Moon. However …

The Earth is cradled in an atmosphere that burns up small impactors before they reach the
surface, and a magnetosphere that largely shields the surface from solar and cosmic particle …

At~ 25 km altitude over magnetic anomalies on the Moon, the deceleration of the solar wind
ions, acceleration of the solar wind electrons parallel to the magnetic field, and heating of …

We study the interaction between the Moon and the solar wind using a three-dimensional
hybrid plasma solver. The proton fluxes and electromagnetical fields are presented for …