Over the course of past few years, cancer immunotherapy has been accompanied with
promising results. However, preliminary investigations with respect to immunotherapy …

Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades have achieved significant progress in several
kinds of tumours. Pembrolizumab, which targets PD-1, has been approved as a first-line …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most widely infiltrating immune cells in the
tumor microenvironment (TME). Clinically, the number of TAMs is closely correlated with …

Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer but most of the
patients get resistant to the drug on a longer course of treatment. After the successful use of …

Pyroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death that is associated with tumor
progression, prognosis, and treatment response. However, the potential roles of pyroptosis …

Immune dysregulation plays a vital role in colorectal cancer initiation and progression. Long
noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) exhibit multiple functions including regulation of gene …

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a checkpoint receptor expressed on the surface
of various immune cells. PD-L1, the natural receptor for PD-1, is mainly expressed in tumor …

Emerging evidence supports that the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy
is associated with the host's gut microbiota, as prior antibiotic intake often leads to poor …

Introduction Inherent or acquired resistance to paclitaxel (PTX) is a pivotal challenge for
chemotherapy treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) breast cancer. Although various …

Checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, have been shown to be
extraordinarily effective, but their durable response rate remains low, especially in colorectal …