Water quality encompasses the water physical, biological, and chemical parameters. It
generally affects the fish growth and welfare. Thus, the success of a commercial aquaculture …

Climate change is expected to have a drastic effect on aquaculture worldwide. As we move
forward with the agenda to increase and diversify aquaculture production, rising …

All metazoans possess innate immune defence system whereas parameters of the adaptive
immune system make their first appearance in the gnathostomata, the jawed vertebrates …

The environment impacts on the physiology and psychology of animals in a wide variety of
ways. If we can develop an understanding of how different environmental factors affect …

The present study was carried out to investigate effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) and fish
size (FS) on growth, feed utilization, whole-body composition, and innate immunity of Nile …

Species persistence in the Anthropocene is dramatically threatened by global climate
change. Large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2) from human activities are driving …

Global climate change is predicted to lead to increased temperatures and more extreme
climatic events. This may influence host–parasite interactions, immunity and therefore the …

Abstract Recently in 2016, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended granting a
marketing authorization in the EU for “Clynav,” a DNA vaccine against salmon pancreas …

A factorial design with three levels of dissolved oxygen (DO)—low 1.0–1.5 mg/l (LDO),
medium 2.5–3.0 mg/l (MDO), and normal 6.0–6.5 mg/l (NDO)—and two stocking densities …

Climate change is predicted to increase water temperatures and decrease oxygen levels in
freshwater and marine environments, however, there is conflicting information regarding the …