Various techniques have been used or simply proposed, during the last 10 years, for
recognizing symbols in documents. Differences depend on both application field and …

Conversion of engineering drawings into cad format has so far concentrated almost solely
on low-level operations, such as vectorization, basic layer separation and very limited …

We don't pretend in this paper to come up with any radically new solution, or to prove either
that structural and syntactic methods should be scrapped or that they are the panacea. We …

The objective of the work discussed consists of extracting all components (text, symbols, and
connecting lines), constituting the schematic diagram, and recognizing them. For that, the …

Input of graphic images (maps, engineering drawings, diagrams) into computer systems is
an important and difficult problem. The use of scanners allows to transform images in a …

An IETM is intended to be the functional equivalent of a paper-based Technical Manual
(TM), and in most cases a total replacement for paper manual. In this paper, we will describe …

Paper drawings are difficult to update, and carry higher costs in storage, distribution and
revision than their corresponding CAD files. It is necessary to convert them into suitable …

In this paper, we show that there are two distinct kinds of knowledge in technical document
analysis: structural and syntactical knowledge, which corresponds to the representation …