Almost 40 years ago the concept of the substorm current wedge was developed to explain
the magnetic signatures observed on the ground and in geosynchronous orbit during …

The magnetosheath flow may take the form of large amplitude, yet spatially localized,
transient increases in dynamic pressure, known as “magnetosheath jets” or “plasmoids” …

Two dipolarization front (DF) structures observed by Cluster in the Earth midtail region
(XGSM≈− 15 RE), showing respectively the feature of Fermi and betatron acceleration of …

Dipolarization fronts (DFs) are frequently detected in the Earth's magnetotail from XGSM=−
30 RE to XGSM=− 7 RE. How these DFs are formed is still poorly understood. Three …

This paper deals with acceleration processes in the magnetotail and the processes that
enhance particle precipitation from the tail into the ionosphere through electric fields in the …

Modes and manifestations of the explosive activity in the Earth's magnetotail, as well as its
onset mechanisms and key pre-onset conditions are reviewed. Two mechanisms for the …

Using the electromagnetic fields of a recent MHD simulation of magnetotail reconnection,
flow bursts and dipolarization, we investigate the acceleration of test particles (protons and …

In this paper, the particle acceleration processes around magnetotail dipolarization fronts
(DFs) were reviewed. We summarize the spacecraft observations (including Cluster …

This paper addresses the question of the contribution of azimuthally localized flow channels
and magnetic field dipolarizations embedded in them in the global dipolarization of the inner …

We examine the pitch angle distribution (PAD) of suprathermal electrons (> 40 keV) inside
the flux pileup regions (FPRs) that are located behind the dipolarization fronts (DFs), in order …