The motivation for the research reviewed in this paper was provided by studies such as
indicated in Fig. l (a) which show some results obtained with the widely used 9-node …

Since the mid-1960s when the forms of curved shell finite elements were originated,
including those pioneered by Professor Gallagher, the published literature on the subject …

A quadrilateral membrane finite element with drilling degrees of freedom is derived from
variational principles employing an independent rotation field. Both displacement based and …

Variational principles employing independent rotation fields are investigated. In the two-
dimensional case these lead to membrane elements with “drilling degrees of freedom”, of …

This paper deals with the formulation and the evaluation of a new three node, nine dof
triangular plate bending element valid for the analysis of thick to thin plates. The formulation …

A non‐linear shallow thin shell element is described. The element is a curved quadrilateral
one with corner nodes only. At each node, six degrees of freedom (ie three translations and …

Membrane finite elements have gained increasing importance since the early years of the
finite elements method due to their convenience to a wide range of plane and 3D shell …

A simple formulation of a nine dof plane triangle is achieved by the assumed‐stress hybrid
approach. The element has two translations and the rotation about a normal to the plane as …

An enhanced 3-node triangular flat shell element with 18 degrees of freedom according to
the Reissner–Mindlin theory is presented in this paper. New cell-based smoothed (CS) …

The paper deals with plate bending triangular elements with shear effect included, having
only three degrees of freedom at each corner node. In that category, we select four elements …