All eukaryotes rely on selective proteolysis to control the abundance of key regulatory
proteins and maintain a healthy and properly functioning proteome. Most of this turnover is …

Between the 1960s and 1980s, most life scientists focused their attention on studies of
nucleic acids and the translation of the coded information. Protein degradation was a …

For many years, the ubiquitin-26S proteasome degradation pathway was considered the
primary route for proteasomal degradation. However, it is now becoming clear that proteins …

Activation of the p53 protein protects the organism against the propagation of cells that carry
damaged DNA with potentially oncogenic mutations. MDM2, a p53-specific E3 ubiquitin …

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy. The 26S proteasome
inhibitor, bortezomib, selectively induces apoptosis in MM cells; however, the nature of its …

Keap1 is a negative regulator of Nrf2, a bZIP transcription factor that mediates adaptation to
oxidative stress. Previous studies suggested this negative regulation is a consequence of …

The proteasome is an abundant multi-enzyme complex that provides the main pathway for
degradation of intracellular proteins in eukaryotic cells. As such, it controls the levels of …

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme variant (UEV) proteins resemble ubiquitin-conjugating
enzymes (E2s) but lack the defining E2 active-site residue. The MMS2-encoded UEV protein …

Oxidatively modified proteins are continuously produced in cells by reactive oxygen and
nitrogen species generated as a consequence of aerobic metabolism. During periods of …

IFN-γ up-regulates MHC class I expression and antigen processing and presentation on
cells, since IFN-γ can induce multiple gene expressions that are related to MHC class I …