Indirect interactions occur when the effect of one species on another is mediated by a third
species. These interactions occur in most multi‐species assemblages and are diverse in …

The presence, diversity and abundance of non-native plant species in natural vegetation are
common condition indicators used to determine conservation status, with consequences for …

Earthworm invasions in North American temperate forests cause considerable changes to
soil and litter horizons, which can lead to changes in soil biogeochemistry and plant …

Despite increasing evidence that herbivore‐mediated indirect effects play a major role in
plant competition, it is unclear how and when they contribute to plant invasiveness. The …

The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) attributes the success of some exotic plant species to
reduced top‐down effects of natural enemies in the non‐native range relative to the native …

Invasive alien plants represent a global threat to biodiversity at multiple trophic levels,
including arthropod communities which represent an important group of organisms in any …

Long-term overgrazing may lead to the degradation of grasslands which are often
characterized by an increase in nonpreferred species, especially toxic plants. However, the …

Seed predation and resource competition are fundamental biotic filters that affect the
assembly of plant communities, yet empirical studies rarely assess their importance relative …

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) overbrowsing over the past several decades has
caused substantial changes to plant communities in eastern deciduous forests. Deer …

Biological invasions pose a significant threat to biodiversity, especially on oceanic islands.
One of the primary explanations for the success of plant invaders is direct suppression of …