A PHD (prolyl hydroxylase) inhibitor, 1, 4-dihydrophenonthrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid (1, 4-
DPCA), is a drug that can artificially promote tissue regeneration by enhancing metabolic …

Surface coating with dopamine (DA) has received significant attention over the past decade
due to its compatibility with other surface coating techniques and versatility, making it …

Frequent blood glucose monitoring is a crucial routine for diabetic patients. Traditional
invasive methods can cause discomfort and pain and even pose a risk of infection. As a …

Polydopamine is extensively researched in multiple disciplines due to its ability to coat
various solid substrates and undergo secondary functionalization. However, a drawback of …

Most biomaterial surfaces are non-functional, which inevitably requires additional
functionalization steps. However, these steps are typically material-dependent; only a few …