The long history of life on Earth has unfolded as a cause-and-effect relationship with the
evolving amount of oxygen (O2) in the oceans and atmosphere. Oxygen deficiency …

Few topics in geobiology have been as extensively debated as the role of Earth's
oxygenation in controlling when and why animals emerged and diversified. All currently …

Paleoredox conditions are commonly evaluated based on elemental proxies but, despite
their frequency of use, most of these proxies have received little comparative evaluation or …

The cause of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction is vigorously debated, owing to the
occurrence of a very large bolide impact and flood basalt volcanism near the boundary …

Oxygen is essential for animal life, and while geochemical proxies have been instrumental
in determining the broad evolutionary history of oxygen on Earth, much of our insight into …

Mapping the history of atmospheric O2 during the late Precambrian is vital for evaluating
potential links to animal evolution. Ancient O2 levels are often inferred from geochemical …

The early evolutionary and much of the extinction history of marine animals is thought to be
driven by changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations ([O2]) in the ocean,–. In turn,[O2] is …

Resolving how Earth surface redox conditions evolved through the Proterozoic Eon is
fundamental to understanding how biogeochemical cycles have changed through time. The …

Iodine is a critical trace element involved in many diverse and important processes in the
Earth system. The importance of iodine for human health has been known for over a century …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is arguably the most important biological innovation in Earth's
history, facilitating the transition to a habitable planet for complex life. Dating the emergence …