The proper regulation of apoptosis is essential for the survival of multicellular organisms.
Furthermore, excessive apoptosis can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, anaemia …

The proteasome generally recognizes substrate via its multiubiquitin chain followed by ATP-
dependent unfolding and translocation of the substrate from the regulatory particle into the …

Proteasomes, the primary mediators of ubiquitin–protein conjugate degradation, are
regulated through complex and poorly understood mechanisms. Here we show that USP14 …

Abstract Three deubiquitinating enzymes—Rpn11, Usp14, and Uch37—are associated with
the proteasome regulatory particle. These enzymes allow proteasomes to remove ubiquitin …

Spermatogenesis is a prolonged and highly ordered physiological process that produces
haploid male germ cells through more than 40 steps and experiences dramatic …

Dishevelled (Dvl) is a key regulator of Wnt signaling both in the canonical and non-
canonical pathways. Here we report the identification of a regulatory domain of …

Dysfunction of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been implicated in the
pathogenesis of many neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's, spinocerebellar ataxia …

Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) are proteases that remove the ubiquitin moiety from
ubiquitylated substrates to antagonize the modification mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligases …

Spermatogenesis represents a complex succession of cell division and differentiation events
resulting in the continuous formation of spermatozoa. Such a complex program requires …

Ammonium is generated in culture media by the spontaneous deamination of amino acids at
37° C and through the metabolism of amino acids by human embryos. The appearance of …