Abstract Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in building construction remains a
worldwide problem in terms of workplace injury, illness and fatality statistics. Construction …

Building Information Modeling (BIM) employs data-rich 3D CAD models for large-scale
facility design, construction, and operation. These complex datasets contain a large amount …

This paper concludes that 4D models are a useful alternative to project scheduling tools like
CPM networks and bar charts. They enable more people to understand a schedule quickly …

Strengthening construction safety analysis and management is of great social and economic
significance. For a long time, however, there has been a lack of effective management tools …

Virtual reality has the potential to improve visualisation of building design and construction,
but its implementation in the industry has yet to reach maturity. Present day translation of …

Since the early 1990s, there has been a growing interest in four‐dimensional computer
aided design (4D CAD) for construction project planning. Commercial 4D CAD applications …

Simulation modeling and visualization can substantially help in designing complex
construction operations and in making optimal decisions where traditional methods prove …

Generally, workspace conflict analysis between construction activities by a 3D or 4D CAD
system is performed for checking the conflict between element bodies. However, in case of …

Four-dimensional (4D) models link three-dimensional geometrical models with construction
schedule data. The visual link between the schedule and construction site conditions is …

The requirements, nowadays, for more effective planning and management assistance from
computer have become even more demanding. In this paper, our 4D model, 4D Site …