The timing of the initial India–Asia collision and the mechanisms that led to the eventual
formation of the high (> 5 km) Tibetan Plateau remain enigmatic. In this Review, we describe …

The Andes are the world's most biodiverse mountain chain, encompassing a complex array
of ecosystems from tropical rainforests to alpine habitats. We provide a synthesis of Andean …

Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

Integration of regional stratigraphic relationships with data on sediment accumulation,
provenance, paleodrainage, and deformation timing enables a reconstruction of Mesozoic …

Summary The tropical Andes of South America, the world's richest biodiversity hotspot, are
home to many rapid radiations. While geological, climatic, and ecological processes …

Mountain building in the Andes, the longest continental mountain range on Earth, started in
the Late Cretaceous but was highly diachronous. Reconstructing the timing of surface uplift …

Construction of the Andes has been governed largely by fluctuating contractional, neutral,
and extensional tectonic regimes during differing degrees of mechanical coupling along the …

Reconstructions of the relative positions of the India and Eurasia plates, using recently
revised histories of movement between India and Somalia and between North America and …

The analysis of magmatic distribution, basin formation, tectonic evolution and structural
styles of different segments of the Andes shows that most of the Andes have experienced a …

The Andes make up the largest orogenic system developed by subduction of oceanic crust
along a continental margin. Subduction began soon after the breakup of Rodinia in Late …