An appreciation of the scale and frequency of climatic oscillations in the past few million
years is modifying our views on how evolution proceeds. Such major events caused …

The origins and development of the study of speciation, hybrid zones and phylogeography
are outlined using evolutionary iconography. This traces the ideas in this field from Lamarck …

The climatic cycles with subsequent glacial and intergalcial periods have had a great impact
on the distribution and evolution of species. Using genetic analytical tools considerably …

Abstract The Iberian Peninsula was one of the most important Pleistocene glacial refugia in
Europe. A number of recent studies have documented the phylogeography of Iberian taxa …

The older history of hybrid zones is explored through consideration of recent advances in
climatology, paleontology and phylogeography in the Late Cenozoic, particularly the …

The Mediterranean peninsulas contain much genetic and species diversity, which
decreases toward higher latitudes in Europe. In considering how such diversity evolved …

DNA techniques, analytical methods and palaeoclimatic studies are greatly advancing our
knowledge of the global distribution of genetic diversity, and how it evolved. Such …

Various groundwater habitats have exceptionally high levels of endemism caused by strong
hydrographical isolation and low dispersal abilities of their inhabitants. More than 10% of …

Phylogenetic relationships of members of the salamander family Salamandridae were
examined using complete mitochondrial genomes collected from 42 species representing all …

Aim In contrast to the attention given to southern Europe both as a centre of speciation and
differentiation and as a Pleistocene refugium of Western Palaearctic taxa, North Africa has …