This article reviews the current understanding of the electrical properties of the grain
boundaries of acceptor-doped zirconia and ceria, however, with an emphasis on the grain …

Scala fuses object-oriented and functional programming in a statically typed programming
language. It is aimed at the construction of components and component systems. This paper …

A comprehensive introduction to type systems and programming languages. A type system
is a syntactic method for automatically checking the absence of certain erroneous behaviors …

T $'e describe a refinement of ML's type system allowing the specification of recursively
defined subtypes of user-defined datatypes. The resulting system of rejirzemeni f, ypes …

We investigate the interactions of subtyping and recursive types, in a simply typed λ-
calculus. The two fundamental questions here are whether two (recursive) types are in the …

We present GJ, a design that extends the Java programming language with generic types
and methods. These are both explained and implemented by translation into the …

In typed object-oriented languages the subtype relation is typically based on the inheritance
hierarchy. This approach, however, leads either to insecure type-systems or to restrictions …

This paper takes polymorphism to the multi-object level. Traditional inheritance,
polymorphism, and late binding interact nicely to provide both flexibility and safety—when a …

Pizza is a strict superset of Java that incorporates three ideas from the academic community:
parametric polymorphism, higher-order functions, and algebraic data types. Pizza is defined …

Recent years have seen the development of several foundational models for statically typed
object-oriented programming. But despite their intuitive similarity, differences in the technical …