Cells exert, sense, and respond to physical forces through an astounding diversity of
mechanisms. Here we review recently developed tools to quantify the forces generated by …

Living tissues are active, multifunctional materials capable of generating, sensing,
withstanding and responding to mechanical stress. These capabilities enable tissues to …

Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have enormous potential
for the study of human cardiac disorders. However, their physiological immaturity severely …

From coffee beans flowing in a chute to cells remodelling in a living tissue, a wide variety of
close-packed collective systems—both inert and living—have the potential to jam. The …

Current techniques for visualizing and quantifying cellular forces have limitations in live cell
imaging, throughput, and multi-scale analysis, which impede progress in cell force research …

Epithelial tissues (epithelia) remove excess cells through extrusion, preventing the
accumulation of unnecessary or pathological cells. The extrusion process can be triggered …

Collective movement of epithelial cells drives essential multicellular organization during
various fundamental physiological processes encompassing embryonic morphogenesis …

Dynamics of epithelial tissues determine key processes in development, tissue healing and
cancer invasion. These processes are critically influenced by cell–cell adhesion forces …

Abstract Development, regeneration and cancer involve drastic transitions in tissue
morphology. In analogy with the behaviour of inert fluids, some of these transitions have …

Cells have traditionally been viewed either as independently moving entities or as
somewhat static parts of tissues. However, it is now clear that in many cases, multiple cells …