Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable
heterogeneity and polarization. Under pathological conditions, in addition to the resident …

The foreign body reaction (FBR) is a response of the host tissue against more or less
degradation-resistant foreign macromolecular material. The reaction is divided into five …

Inflammaging, characterized by an increase in low‐grade chronic inflammation with age, is a
hallmark of aging and is strongly associated with various age‐related diseases, including …

Adverse immune reactions prevent clinical translation of numerous implantable devices and
materials. Although inflammation is an essential part of tissue regeneration, chronic …

Kupffer cells are resident liver macrophages and play a critical role in maintaining liver
functions. Under physiological conditions, they are the first innate immune cells and protect …

Macrophages, important cells of innate immunity, are known for their phagocytic activity,
capability for antigen presentation, and flexible phenotypes. Macrophages are found in all …

At present, there are no effective antifibrotic drugs for patients with chronic liver disease;
hence, the development of antifibrotic therapies is urgently needed. Here, we performed an …

The liver is one of the main organs in the body, performing several metabolic and
immunological functions that are indispensable to the organism. The liver is strategically …

Macrophages hold a critical position in the pathogenesis of liver injury and repair, in which
their infiltrations is regarded as a main feature for both acute and chronic liver diseases. It is …

Background Cardamom is a well-known spice in Indian subcontinent, used in culinary and
traditional medicine practices since ancient times. The current investigation was untaken to …