Dystrophin Dp71 is expressed in all tissues, with the exception of skeletal muscle, and is the
main Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene product in brain. As full-length dystrophin …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by X-linked inherited or de novo DMD gene
mutations predominantly affecting males who develop early-onset muscle degeneration …

Type II collagen is composed of α1 (II) chains encoded by the COL2A1 gene. Alteration of
this cartilage marker is a common feature of osteoarthritis. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal neuromuscular disorder generally caused by
out-of-frame mutations in the DMD gene. In contrast, in-frame mutations usually give rise to …

Vimentin exhibits a complex pattern of developmental and tissue-specific expression
regulated by such growth factors as TGFβ1, PDGF, FGF, EGF and cytokines. Vimentin is …

Introduction Mutations in the 79 exons of the dystrophin gene result in muscle wasting and
weakness of varying clinical severity, ranging from severe/typical Duchenne muscular …

Sp1 and Sp3 are ubiquitously expressed mammalian transcription factors that activate or
repress the expression of a variety of genes and are thought to compete for the same DNA …

Dystrophin and dystrophin‐associated proteins (DAPs) form a complex around the
sarcolemma, which gives stability to the sarcolemma and leads signal transduction …

Background: Animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are essential to study
disease progression and assess efficacy of therapeutic intervention, however dystrophic …

Altered expression of proteins in the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex results in
muscular dystrophy and has more recently been implicated in a number of forms of cancer …