Levodopa‐induced dyskinesia is a common complication in Parkinson disease. Pathogenic
mechanisms include phasic stimulation of dopamine receptors, nonphysiological levodopa …

Parkinson's disease causes a characteristic combination of motor symptoms due to
progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars …

Historically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has contributed little to the study of
Parkinson's disease (PD), but modern MRI approaches have unveiled several …

Although characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease such as bradykinesia
typically improve under dopaminergic medication, deficits in higher motor control are less …

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias are disabling motor complications of long-term dopamine
replacement in patients with Parkinson's disease. In recent years, several alternative models …

Background The severity of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) does not always
correlate with the degree of nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss. Individuals with greater …

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are a common complication in patients with
Parkinson's disease (PD). A complex cascade of electrophysiological and molecular events …

Background Motor‐related brain activity in Parkinson's disease has been investigated in a
multitude of functional neuroimaging studies, which often yielded apparently conflicting …

Recently, it has been proposed that similar to goal-directed and habitual action mediated by
the fronto-striatal circuits, the fronto-striato-subthalamic-pallidal-thalamo-cortical network …

The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains still clinical; nevertheless, in the last
decades, the rapid evolution of advanced MRI techniques has made it possible to detect …