During evolution, individuals whose brains and bodies functioned well in a fasted state were
successful in acquiring food, enabling their survival and reproduction. With fasting and …

Abstract According to the Alzheimer Association Report (2017), Alzheimer's disease (AD) is
the 6th primary cause of death in the USA, which affects nearly 5.5 million people. In the …

Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway active at basal levels in all
cells. However, under stress conditions, such as a lack of nutrients or trophic factors, it works …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) act as key signalling molecules in brain development,
maintenance, and repair. They influence the intricate relationship between myelinating cells …

Growth hormone (GH) is a key determinant of postnatal growth and plays an important role
in the control of metabolism and body composition. Surprisingly, deficiency in GH signaling …

Depression is a chronic, recurring, and serious mood disorder that afflicts up to 20% of the
global population. The monoamine hypothesis has dominated our understanding of the …

Astrocytes and microglia become reactive in many neurological disorders resulting in
phenotypic and functional alterations. Both cell types might also display functional changes …

We are facing an obesity epidemic, and obesity itself and its close companion, type 2
diabetes, are independent risk factors for neurodegeneration. While most medical …

Biologists long believed that, once development is completed, no new neurons are
produced in the forebrain. However, as is now firmly established, new neurons can be …

The identification of key genes in transcriptomic data constitutes a huge challenge. Our
review of microarray reports revealed 88 genes whose transcription is consistently regulated …