Large amounts of antibiotics used for human therapy, as well as for farm animals and even
for fish in aquaculture, resulted in the selection of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple …

Nuclear receptors are transcription factors which sense changing environmental or
hormonal signals and effect transcriptional changes to regulate core life functions including …

Intestinal microbial metabolites are conjectured to affect mucosal integrity through an
incompletely characterized mechanism. Here we showed that microbial-specific indoles …

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) detoxifies cells by exporting hundreds of chemically unrelated toxins
but has been implicated in multidrug resistance (MDR) in the treatment of cancers. Substrate …

Cholesterol, fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, and other lipids present in our diets are not only
nutritionally important but serve as precursors for ligands that bind to receptors in the …

The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily comprises 57 genes. These genes code for
enzymes that can have a role in: metabolism of drugs, foreign chemicals, arachidonic acid …

In this issue of Structure, Holmes et al.(2005) describe elements of an innate defense
mechanism that provides mammals a means to restrict bacterial growth. The host protein …

Various organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are widely used in building materials,
textiles and electric appliances, and have been reported to cause indoor environmental …

The nuclear pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) is an important component of the body's
adaptive defense mechanism against toxic substances including foreign chemicals …

The acquisition of multidrug resistance is a serious impediment to improved healthcare.
Multidrug resistance is most frequently due to active transporters that pump a broad …