Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plants and algae and, by extension, are
essential for most life on Earth. Their maintenance is costly and complex due to the inherent …

Plant seeds do not contain differentiated chloroplasts. Upon germination, the seedlings thus
need to gain photoautotrophy before storage energies are depleted. This requires the …

Plant growth is coordinately controlled by various environmental and hormonal signals, of
which light and gibberellin (GA) signals are two critical factors with opposite effects on …

C4 photosynthesis is used by the most productive plants on the planet, and compared with
the ancestral C3 pathway, it confers a 50% increase in efficiency. In more than 60 C4 …

Maize-soybean intercropping is practiced worldwide because of some of the anticipated
advantages such as high crop yield and better utilization of resources (ie, water, light …

The conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthesis requires the concerted
action of large protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane. Recent work has provided …

The term “de-etiolation” refers to the light-dependent differentiation of etioplasts to
chloroplasts in angiosperms. The underlying process involves reorganization of prolamellar …

Enzymatic photocatalysis is seldom used in biology. Photocatalysis by light-dependent
protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR)—one of only a few natural light-dependent …

De-etiolation or transition from etiolated growth (skotomorphogenesis) to
photomorphogenesis is one of the most intriguing and intricate stages of plant ontogenesis …

Salinity stress and the absence of light negatively impact growth and development of the
plants. Morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of maize (Zea mays L.) get severely …