As fossil fuel resources dwindle and new regulations for a cleaner and safer environment
come on stream, there is growing interest in developing new sustainable feedstocks for …

As an aromatic polymer in nature, lignin has recently attracted gross attention because of its
advantages of high carbon content, low cost and bio-renewability. However, most lignin is …

Carbon fiber is increasingly being utilized as a reinforcing material due to its high strength
and high modulus, which is imparted into the properties of the final composite. A …

Concerns over unsustainable technology-driven economies, environmental threats, and the
continuous reduction of petroleum feedstocks have stimulated research in green …

Lignin is a cheap material available in large quantities, thus the interest in its valorization is
increasing both in industry and academia. A possible approach towards value added …

Recently restricted greenhouse gas emission regulations for commercial vehicles have
initiated a significant interest of an automotive industry in carbon fibers (CFs), which are …

Plant fibers (ramie, jute, sisal, kenaf, etc.) reinforced composites (PFRCs) have raised great
attentions during the past decade and have been increasingly used in automotive …

As the most abundant natural aromatic polymer, tens of million of tons of lignin produced in
paper-making or biorefinery industry are used as fuel annually, which is a low-value …

Each year, 50 to 70 million tonnes of lignin are produced worldwide as by-products from
pulp industries and biorefineries through numerous processes. Nevertheless, about 98% of …

Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose and is one of the most
intriguing natural materials for utilization across a wide range of applications. It is generated …